![]() ![]() The experimental results show that our model obtains the best predictive results on all evaluation metrics, which fully demonstrates the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model. To validate the performance of the proposed model, we conducted three predictive experiments on four data sets. Note that ORBLS and BTCN can effectively predict the simple and complex sequences, respectively. Fourth, we propose BTCN by adding a dilated causal convolution layer in parallel to each residual block, which can effectively alleviate the local information loss of the temporal convolutional network (TCN) in case of insufficient time series data. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the hyper-parameters of ORBLS. Third, based on the typical broad learning system (BLS), we propose ORBLS with cyclically connected enhancement nodes, which can better capture the dynamic characteristics of the wind. All sequences are divided into simple sequence set and complex sequence set based on the values of SE. ![]() Second, SE is applied to quantitatively assess the complexity of each sequence. First, ICEEMDAN is introduced to smooth the nonlinear part of the wind speed data by decomposing the raw wind speed data into a series of sequences. ![]() A novel hybrid model is proposed to improve the accuracy of ultra-short-term wind speed prediction by combining the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), the sample entropy (SE), optimized recurrent broad learning system (ORBLS), and broadened temporal convolutional network (BTCN).
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